Shutter Speed & Aperture

Shutter Speed

The "shutter speed" is the rate of the shutter opening and closing which determines how long shutter remains open as the picture is taken. The slower the shutter speed the longer the exposure time. In this image everything is in focus as the shutter speed is quick, allowing the image to be in focus, and capture the movement and freeze the motion in time. This technique of having a faster shutter speed id used in sports photography to capture the movement and allow it to all be pin sharp and in focus.

In this picture however the exposure time is longer as the shutter speed is slower, this means that the moving elements of the image are blurred (hands)yet there's still elements that are in focus (wall), in order to have both focussed and blurry elements you need a tripod to create this effect, because you need to remain as  still as possible. 

Aperture

This image displays shallow depth of field but larger aperture, but the larger the aperture the smaller the "f/4" number. The foreground bottle and the boy is in focus however the background building is blurred and out of focus, making the focal point the bottle and the boy. This is often used in portrait and fashion photography, this is because it will focus the clothes or the model and make that the focal point rather than the background. 

This image displays a large depth of field but a smaller aperture and therefore a bigger "f" number is being used. This means that every aspect of this image is in focus (f/22), and it is often used in landscape photography so that you can focus on every single part of the image, rather than having a specific focal point. 

This is a diagram displaying aperture and the f numbers used.